Cardiology: Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease and congenital heart defects. Some common tools and procedures used in cardiology include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the test that records the electrical activity of the heart and can help diagnose heart rhythm disorders.
• Echocardiogram: Echocardiogram is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart and can help diagnose structural problems, such as heart valve defects.
• Stress Test: Stress test is the test that involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored, which can help diagnose coronary artery disease.
• Cardiac Catheterization: Cardiac catheterization is a procedure in which a thin tube is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart, which can help diagnose and treat a variety of heart conditions.
• Angioplasty and Stenting: Angioplasty and stenting are the procedures in which a blocked or narrowed coronary artery is opened and widened using a balloon and a small metal mesh tube, called a stent. Treatment options for cardiovascular diseases may include lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, medications and surgical procedures, depending on the nature and severity of the condition. Cardiology is an evolving field that is constantly developing new diagnostic and treatment approaches. Ongoing research in cardiology is focused on improving our understanding of the causes and mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, developing new diagnostic tools and therapies and identifying ways to prevent and reduce the risk of heart disease.